| Glossary of All Terms | ||
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| Absorption Percentage of moisture absorbed by weight after immersion in water. | ||
| Acid Etching Process of applying a solution of hydrochloric or muriatic acid and water to the exposed surface of cast stone in order to remove the cement film from the aggregates, achieving a fine-grained finish which simulates natural cut stone. | ||
| Anchor Metal device used for securing cast stone to a rigid structure. | ||
| Arch A basic architectural structure build over an opening that is supported from the sides only. The downward pressure it transformed into a lateral thrust. The shape is usually described by the interior outline: CircleTop, Elliptical, Gothic etc. | ||
| Architrave The bottom portion of an entablature bearing on the column capitals and supporting the frieze. | ||
| Area In Stone Legends' estimating, Area is used to break down a set of plans into logical groupings of products that can be used to identify units needed. It can be based on specific products: Windows, Balustrade, or Columns or on locations shown on the plans: Second Floor, Front Entry, or Guesthouse | ||
| Assembly Drawing A drawing that details most aspects of the installation with piece markings and final locations of stones. | ||
| Baluster A small column or other vertical member used to support a stair or parapet railing. | ||
| Balustrade An entire railing system as along the edge of a balcony or stair. Includes top rail, balusters, and a bottom rail. Runs of balustrade are occasionally separated by newel piers. | ||
| Band Course See Belt course | ||
| Banding A flat horizontal fascia, or a continuous member or series of moldings projecting slightly from the wall plane, encircling a building or along a wall that makes a division in the wall. | ||
| Base Course Continuous horizontal course that sets on the brick ledge. It is the first course set in a wall. | ||
| Bed Joint The joint that the stone sets on. It is normally filled with mortar or backer rod and sealant. | ||
| Belt Course Continuous horizontal course of cast stone incorporated in a wall above the base course and below the frieze. | ||
| Bevel See Chamfer | ||
| Bid A documented list of products that Stone Legends proposes to produce and sell to a customer based on our interpretation of the customer's drawings, faxes, sketches or complete plans. | ||
| Bughole An air void in concrete not found in cast stone. | ||
| Bullnose Convex molding which usually starts at the top of the cast stone unit and returns to the predominant face. | ||
| Capital Uppermost member of a column or a pilaster crowning the shaft. | ||
| Cast Stone A highly refined architectural pre-cast concrete building stone manufactured from a mixture of portland cement, coarse aggregates and fine aggregates to simulate natural cut stone. | ||
| Chamfer Slanted surface, which connects two external surfaces. | ||
| Coated Rebar Rebar coated with a zinc alloy or epoxy. This rebar is normally used when it is within 11/2" of an exposed face. | ||
| Coloring The process of (or material used for) tinting the hue of cast stone. It is normally achieved through the use of aggregates or inorganiciron oxide pigments. | ||
| Column A supporting pillar usually consisting of a round shaft, a capital, and a base. Columns may be of many design schools, from classical to modern, solid or hollow, whole or partials. | ||
| Control Dimensions Minimum dimensions needed to describe a Unit, such as the width and height of a masonry opening for a window surround. Only Control Dimensions are approved by the client in the shop drawing phase. | ||
| Coping A stone unit used to cap off the top of a wall. Its function is to protect the wall from the natural elements as well as adding an aesthetic value to the wall. | ||
| Cornice The uppermost division of an entablature; a projecting shelf along the top of a wall supported by a series of brackets; the exterior trim at the meeting of a roof and wall, consisting of soffit, fascia and crown molding. | ||
| Course Horizontal scope of units incorporated in a wall. | ||
| Cramp "U" shaped metal anchor used to attach two abutting units. | ||
| Cross Section A plane cutting through an object, or a cutaway view showing the inner workings of an object. Cross sections are used to show assembly and other details needed to understand a Unit. | ||
| Curing The process of hydrating the Portland Cement in cast stone to a specified age or compressive strength in a warm, moist environment. | ||
| Customer Plan Placement A pictorial document furnished by the client used to locate the placement of Units. This document may be an architectural drawing, a fax, a blue line, a photograph or other form of picture. Used to take off the areas and groups of Units required for a project. | ||
| Cut Stone Natural stone quarried and dressed to an architectural shape. | ||
| Dentil Block projections of an entablature below the cornice course. | ||
| Description In the Bid/Estimate, the description of the specific Line Item being quoted. This could be a single Part like a baluster, or a complex Unit like an entry. The Description will tell you what is covered in the Line Item. | ||
| Dowel Round (usually non-corrosive) metal pin used in anchoring and aligning cast stone. | ||
| Drip Continuous groove cut or cast into the bottom of the projecting edge of cast stone in order to disrupt the capillary attraction of water to the wall below. | ||
| Dry Tamp Dry tamping is the process used to make cast stone. The design mix of the stone is mechanically tamped into a rigid form until it is dense and ready for removal. The final product takes on the shape of the form and can be anything from a complex, ornamented column capital to a simple panel of flat stone. | ||
| Efflorescence Deposit of saline particles on the weather face of a masonry wall. Usually can be removed with an acid wash. | ||
| Entablature Series of horizontal courses that incorporates an architrave, frieze, and cornice. | ||
| Entasis The portion of a classical column, which has a diminishing arc on the shaft. The lower third of the column is straight (two-thirds entasis column). | ||
| Erection Setting of large stones usually with a crane. | ||
| Estimate A documented list of products that Stone Legends proposes to produce and sell to a customer based on our interpretation of the customer's drawings, faxes, sketches or complete plans. | ||
| Face The exposed portion of cast stone after it is installed. | ||
| Fascia A broad and well-defined continuous horizontal band of cast stone at least header high. | ||
| Feather Edge A thin edge, so named because of its frailty when handled (see quirk miter). | ||
| Form A form is used to shape cast stone. It can be constructed from wood, plaster, rubber, fiberglass, and other materials. | ||
| Frieze Flat unit of an entablature located between the architrave and cornice. | ||
| Full Bed A horizontal joint completely filled with mortar. | ||
| Grout Mortar of pouring consistency. | ||
| Header Stone unit running horizontally over an opening in a wall. Not self-supporting (see lintel). | ||
| Incise To cast concave or engrave. | ||
| Inscription Characters incised into a unit. | ||
| Insert A metal device cast into a unit normally used for anchoring or handling. | ||
| Jamb The vertical stone running up the side of an opening. | ||
| Job A contracted Bid/Estimate that specifies products to be drafted and produced for the client. | ||
| Job Number Number assigned to a specific job. Job files, Drafting files and much more references the Job Number, which points to a specific contracted Bid/Estimate with Change Orders, and other information. | ||
| Joint Gap between masonry units filled with mortar or backer rod and sealant. | ||
| Jointing Scheme The jointing pattern shown on shop and assembly drawings. The pattern is designed to be aesthetically pleasing. | ||
| Keystone Originally, the final supporting unit at the center of an arch. It is generally wedge shaped. At Stone Legends, Keystones are individual Units, as well as being used in other Units. | ||
| Lift Hook A metal device embedded into the cast stone for the purpose of lifting and/or anchoring. | ||
| Line Item The basic part of a Bid/Estimate, the line items detail what is actually being estimated and how it is being done. Line Items are usually grouped into Product Groups or Areas for convenience, with subtotals shown. A line item may be a single piece of stone or a Unit consisting of many pieces of stone. | ||
| Lintel A stone or other material spanning an opening and carrying the load of a wall above. | ||
| Masonry Construction made by the laying of units of substantial material such as brick, concrete block, and cast stone. | ||
| Masonry Opening The actual opening size of a window, door, vent or fireplace. The masonry opening is the basis for the description of many Unit Types, and is the basis for the Control Dimensions used in preparing Shop Drawings. | ||
| Medallion An ornamental block. | ||
| Miter The splicing of two cast stone profiles at an angle (see quirk miter). | ||
| Model The positive shape that represents the final product. The form for making cast stone is produced from a model. | ||
| Mortar A blend of cement, lime, sand, and water that is applied at a pliable consistency to bond masonry units. Mortar bonds and cushions the stone, acting as a compression gasket. | ||
| Mullion A vertical member that forms a separation from adjacent window and doorframes. | ||
| Part Specific pieces of stone used to make a final installed Unit. | ||
| Pointing Final finishing of a stone installation. The joints are left clear about 1" back from the face of the stone and filled with either a matching or contrasting mortar mix. | ||
| Product Group A logical and recognizable grouping of masonry products. See also Area. | ||
| Profile Outline used to make an extruded piece of stone. At Stone Legends, profiles are grouped by shape, with similarly shaped profiles having names that start with a specific letter or combination of letters. | ||
| Quirk Miter An end condition cast with a forty-five degree angle and an edge put on the point at a ninety-degree angle to eliminate feather edging. | ||
| Quoin Cast stone block used to make up a corner of a wall. | ||
| Rebar A deformed steel unit used for reinforcing cast stone. | ||
| Reglet A continuous groove cast or cut into a cast stone unit to receive flashing. | ||
| Reinforcing Rebar placed into a cast stone part during the manufacturing process to augment the part during handling or to enable it to carry a structural load (i.e. lintel). | ||
| Return An external corner of a profiled unit. | ||
| Reveal The side of an opening (as for a window) between a frame and the outer surface of a wall. | ||
| Rustication An incision cast around the outer edges of a unit to produce a shaded affect. | ||
| Sample The specimen submitted to represent the color and texture of cast stone. This specimen dictates the general range of the color and texture of production pieces. | ||
| Setting The masons process of installing and anchoring cast stone. | ||
| Setting Bed Surface space allotted for mortar joints between masonry units. The materials used for the structure in question determine the minimum setting bed dimensions. | ||
| Setting Pad Non-corrosive pads used to set cast stone on in order to prevent the bed joint from compressing at the time of setting. | ||
| Shop Drawings The drawing submitted for approval showing control dimensions, elevation, plan views and any necessary Unit cross sections. | ||
| Soffit The exposed underside portion of an entry or other Unit. | ||
| Spring Line Point in a unit at which a straight element transitions into a radiused element. Where multiple radii are employed, the transition between each radiused element is referred to as a spring line. | ||
| Surround Decorative stone casing to go around an opening, such as a door or window. Surround Units can be many shapes and virtually any size. See Chapter 4: Opening Surrounds for more information. | ||
| Template A type of model used to convey the pattern, shape, or profile to be used by the manufacturer in the molding process. | ||
| Texture The finish structure consisting of visual and tactile surface qualities. | ||
| Tolerance Allowable deviation from specified dimensions. | ||
| Unit A Unit is a logical assembly of masonry Parts used to build a final product. Examples: Columns, Door Surrounds, Entries, Balustrade, Fountains. | ||
| Unit Interface Drawings A drawing showing the placement and interconnection of Units in an area. | ||
| Volute The scroll shaped ornament forming the chief feature on an Ionic capital. | ||
| Warp Twist or bowing of final casting measured by deviation from plane and tolerance. | ||
| Wash A sloping horizontal surface formed to cause water to run off. | ||
| Water Repellant Normally a clear sealer sprayed or brushed on the exposed portion of a masonry wall to deflect moisture. | ||
| Watertable The course of cast stone that sits on the base course. This course normally transcends an offset in the building. | ||
| Weep Hole An opening normally in a masonry head joint at the bottom of a unit to allow any moisture behind it to escape. | ||
| Weld Plate A square metal device cast flush to the surface for attachment by means of welding. |
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